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Pel's fishing owl
The Pel's fishing owl (''Scotopelia peli'') is a large species of owl in the family Strigidae. It feeds nocturnally on fish and frogs snatched from the surface of lakes and rivers. The species prefers slow moving rivers with large overhanging trees to roost and forage from.〔Simmons RE & Brown CJ (2006). (Birds to watch in Namibia: red, rare and endemic species ). National Biodiversity Programme, Windhoek, Namibia〕 It nests in hollows and the forks of large trees. Though two eggs are laid, only one chick is raised.
==Description==
Pel's fishing owl is one of the largest owl species in the world. Among the world's owls, it ranks as the fifth heaviest on average, the seventh longest in length and measured wing chord and fourth longest in mean wingspan, although not all large species have had measured wingspans.〔Weick, F. (2007). ''Owls (Strigiformes): annotated and illustrated checklist''. Springer.〕 It measures in length, spans around across the wings and weighs .〔(Pel’s fishing-owl videos, photos and facts – Scotopelia peli ). ARKive. Retrieved on 2012-08-21.〕〔(Pels Fishing Owl (''Scotopelia peli'') ). Planet of Birds (2011-09-07). Retrieved on 2012-08-21.〕 Under current classification, it is the heaviest extant owl outside of the ''Bubo'' genus, although some authors may also include the fishing owls in ''Bubo''.〔''Owls of the World: A Photographic Guide'' by Mikkola, H. Firefly Books (2012), ISBN 9781770851368〕 Among standard measurements, the wing chord is and the tail is long. They are well adapted to their aquatic lifestyle. Unlike most owls, they have minimal feathering on the toes and the tarsus, thus minimizing the amount of plumage that gets wet while fishing. Like diurnal raptors that specialize in fish, they have spiky scales on the bottoms of their feet that help them grip slippery fish. Since hearing and auditory stealth is not important to its hunting techniques, this owl does not have strong hearing and does not have the soft edges to its flight feathers that most owls share, which makes them almost impossible to hear in flight.〔Burton, M. and Burton, R. (2002) (''International Wildlife Encyclopedia'' ). Third Edition. Marshall Cavendish, New York ISBN 076147286X.〕〔Tarboton, W. and Erasmus, R. (2004) ''Sasol Owls and Owling in Southern Africa''. Struik, Cape Town ISBN 1770070060.〕
Adults are rich ginger-rufous with dense dark bars to the upperparts and scaling to the underparts. The feathers around the head are loose and long, giving the head a shaggy appearance. The tarsi and toes are unfeathered and straw-colored. The white throat is often largely obscured but can be puffed up in displaying birds during courtship. The flight and tail feathers are barred with lighter and darker feathers. The eyes are distinctly dark, often blackish in color. The two adult sexes are similar looking but females are generally less rufous in color and have a more indistinct facial disc. There is considerable variation in coloration and barring in adult birds, with some birds having extensive pale feathers with others having several blackish markings. Juveniles are more uniform buff than adults. Unlike the eagle-owls, the ear tufts of the Pel's fishing owl are barely visible, giving it a very round-headed appearance. The two related fishing owls are smaller and lack the dark barring and scaling (though they do have dark streaks below).〔
The song of the male Pel's fishing owl is a deep, sonorous, horn-like boom, first a single and then a higher pitched ''huhuhu''. The male also utters a ringed hoot, much higher pitched than those of most eagle-owls, followed by a deep, soft grunt: ''whoommmm-wot'' or ''hooomm-hut''. The calls of the male are repeated ever 10 to 20 seconds can be heard from up to away. While singing, the male's throat and breast are often highly inflated. The female's songs are similar but are higher pitched and even in a double-note, i.e. ''hoot-oot''.〔 Females and young at the nest wail a shrill ''wheeoouu'' while anticipating food.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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